Passbolt – European password manager
Luxembourg-based open-source password manager designed for teams and enterprises. End-to-end encrypted with GPG, fully auditable, self-host or use Passbolt Cloud. Raised €7.6M in 2025.
Quick facts
It's built specifically for teams, with granular permissions and GPG-based encryption that a solo password manager doesn't need to worry about, and self-hosting is a genuine free option.
The team-first design makes it overkill for someone who just wants a personal vault, and the interface leans more toward IT admins than casual users.
Why does it score 90?
Incorporated in Belvaux, Luxembourg – a full EU member state.
Backed by investors including Expon Capital, but no single non-EU company holds a controlling stake.
Passbolt runs on its own infrastructure across Luxembourg and Germany rather than a third-party cloud.
Fully open source, GDPR-compliant and independently auditable – used by multiple European government IT departments, a strong trust signal.
See how they compare
Passbolt
Lastpass 
1password 
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